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Perennial
For other uses, see Perennial (disambiguation).
Plant that lives for more than two years
In horticulture, the term (per- + -ennial, "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials.
It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 5 years.[1][2][failed verification] The term is also loosely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth (secondary growth in girth) from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials.[3] Notably, it is estimated that 94% of plant species fall under the category of perennials, underscoring the prevalence of plants with lifespans exceeding two years in the botanical world.[4]
Perennials (especially small flowering plants) that grow and bloom over the spring and summer, die back every autumn and winter, and then return in the spring from their rootstock or other overwintering structure, are known as herbaceous perennials.[5] However, depending on the rigours of the local climate (temperature, m
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