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Clinical Overview of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs)
Overview
HPIVs belong to the Paramyxoviridae family. They are enveloped RNA viruses. There are four types (1 through 4) and two subtypes (4a and 4b) of HPIVs.
The clinical and epidemiological features for each HPIV type can sometimes vary.
Parainfluenza contagious period
In the United States, infections associated with HPIV-1 usually peak every other year. Infections with HPIV-2 also peak every other year, during the years when HPIV-1 is low. HPIV-3 usually has peaks annually, particularly when HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 are low.
Infections with HPIV-4 are less well-defined but appear to occur yearly.
Is parainfluenza contagiousHPIVs commonly infect infants, young children, and persons with weakened immune systems. However, anyone can get HPIV infection.
Symptoms and illnesses
The incubation period, the time from getting infected with HPIV to onset of symptoms, is generally 2 to 6 days.
- HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 are most often associated with croup, with HPIV-1 most often identified as the cause in children.
Both can also cause upper and lower respiratory illness and cold-like sym
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